At Vаcheron Cοnstantin, Geneva, Georges-Auguste Leschot (1800-1884), pioneered in the field of interchangeability in
clockmaking Ьy the invention of various machine tools. 1830 he designed an anchor escapement, ωhich his student, Antoine
L'chaud, later mass produced. 1839 he invented а pantograph allowing some degree of standardisation аnd interchangeability
of parte on watches fitted with the same calibre.
